Abstract The Lepidoptera family Saturniidae is commonly utilized as a bioindicator for ecosystem monitoring. During six years of sampling, the study explored the dynamics of the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, species richness, Pielou equity, dominance, and abundance ecological parameters under the effect of seasonality. The research took place in the Atlantic Forest remnants at Vale Natural Reserve in Linhares, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Blacklight traps were used to collect the samples. 1,445 specimens were collected and classified into four subfamilies, 30 genera, and 48 species. There is a large difference in richness and abundance due to temperature in different seasons. When the temperature drops, the abundance declines. When comparing years, equitability and dominance are not significant. During periods of more rainfall, there is a higher abundance of species (richness). Despite variations in abundance and diversity throughout the years, the Saturniidae are known for their low resistance and strong resilience.

Resumen La familia Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera), es comúnmente la más utilizada como bioindicador en el monitoreo de ecosistemas. Durante seis años de muestreo, el estudio exploró la dinámica de los parámetros ecológicos de riqueza de especies, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, equidad de Pielou, dominancia y abundancia, bajo el efecto de la estacionalidad. Se desarrolló en los remanentes de la Mata Atlántica en la Reserva Natural Vale en Linhares, Estado de Espirito Santo, Brasil. Se utilizaron trampas de luz negra para recolectar las muestras. Se recolectaron 1.445 especímenes representados en cuatro subfamilias, 30 géneros y 48 especies. En los diferentes períodos estacionales, se encontró una gran diferencia en riqueza y abundancia debido a la temperatura, por lo tanto, cuando bajaba la temperatura, la abundancia disminuía. Al comparar los seis años de muestreo, la equidad y el dominio no fueron significativos. Durante los períodos de mayor precipitación, hubo una mayor abundancia de especies (riqueza). A pesar de las variaciones en abundancia y diversidad a lo largo de los años, los Saturniidae son conocidos por su baja resistencia y fuerte resiliencia.

ABSTRACT. We investigated aggregation patterns in three fruit fly species economically important in Brazil, namely Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha fraterculus, and A. obliqua. The study was carried out in a buffer zone and two neighbourhoods by comparing two-time series associated with the management strategy of fruit flies (systems approach). The abundance of these three species significantly decreased over the years with a negative binomial regression model describing the relationship between abundance and time in the entire area, buffer zone, and their neighbourhoods. In addition, the negative binomial model was also well fitted to the frequency distribution data of fruit flies in all analyzed scenarios. Anastrepha obliqua showed the highest aggregation degree, considering both the entire area and time series. A. fraterculus exhibited the lowest aggregation level, and C. capitata showed an intermediate degree. The buffer zone exhibited the highest aggregation degree for all species, and neighbourhood 2 exhibited the lowest aggregation degree. The aggregation degree was higher in the time series impacted by the systems approach than the series in the first years of its implementation.

ABSTRACT The garden fleahopper, Microtechnites bractatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is associated with several cultivated plant species and, despite its economic importance, little is known about its development and performance in such hosts. We described here, the morphology of immature stages, and evaluated the biology of M. bractatus in beans, potatoes, white clover, alfalfa, and wheat. The bioassays were carried out in the laboratory under controlled temperature (25±2ºC), humidity (UR70±15%), and photoperiod (12L:12D). The eggs of M. bractatus are elongated and slightly curved, without respiratory projections and light yellow in color, becoming dark at the end of the incubation period. Nymphs present an oval-shaped body, a reddish color that intensifies along with the development and dimorphic wing pads in the fifth instar. In the bioassays, the host plants influenced the biological aspects of M. bractatus, both in the immature and adult stages. Nymph survival was higher in clover and alfalfa, while in wheat, it was lower. Clover-fed insects had the longest longevity. The fecundity parameters and egg viability were favored in insects that fed on clover and alfalfa. The fertility life table showed that feeding M. bractatus with clover provides a higher net reproduction rate (R0) and a higher finite ratio of population increase (ʎ). This study contributes to bioecological and behavioral studies on M. bractatus and provides data for the recognition and characterization of individuals in the immature stage.

RESUMO: Ocorrências de Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, Anastrepha connexa Lima, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew), Anastrepha kuhlmanni Lima, Anastrepha leptozona Hendel e Anastrepha xanthochaeta Hendel são registradas pela primeira vez no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As espécies foram capturadas em armadilhas do tipo McPhail com um atrativo alimentar de proteína hidrolisada (5%) em três pomares de espécies cultivadas e um remanescente de Mata Atlântica no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, ou obtidas por meio de levantamento de espécies de Tephritidae depositadas no Museu Regional de Entomologia (UFVB) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, estado de Minas Gerais.

ABSTRACT: Occurrences of Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, Anastrepha connexa Lima, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew), Anastrepha kuhlmanni Lima, Anastrepha leptozona Hendel, and Anastrepha xanthochaeta Hendel are recorded for the first time in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species were captured in McPhail traps baited with hydrolyzed protein (5%) in orchards of cultivated species and in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, or obtained from the collection of species deposited in the Regional Museum of Entomology (UFVB) of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, in the state of Minas Gerais.

ABSTRACT This study examines the variation in cacti species richness and abundance among sites with different average rainfall and soil types. We assessed a total of 3,660 individuals of six species of Cactaceae: Cereus jamacaru, Melocactus zehntneri, Pilosocereus gounellei, Pilosocereus pachycladus, Tacinga inamoena, and Tacinga palmadora. The greatest species richness and abundance of cacti were at locations with low rainfall and more clayey soils. The species studied differed in multidimensional representation, with some species being more positively related to soils with a higher proportion of fine particles (M. zehntneri and P. gounellei), while others were negatively related to soils with a higher proportion of coarser particles (T. inamoena) or positively related to areas with higher rainfall and vegetation cover (C. jamacaru and P. pachycladus). The differential responses of the species of Cactaceae studied in relation to the gradients analyzed demonstrates the need for more research into the relationship between cacti and environmental variables in semiarid ecosystems with high environmental heterogeneity.

Resumen Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) es una de las familias de insectos más ricas en especies, con alrededor de 11 100 especies descritas. Mirinae es la mayor subfamilia y sus endemismos se hacen evidentes desde el nivel de tribu hacia abajo. La tribu Restheniini (Mirinae) se encuentra en América, con la mayor parte de su diversidad en el Neotrópico. Prepops Reuter es el mayor género de Restheniini con 198 especies, con un rango de distribución similar al de la tribu. Los estudios sobre distribución y áreas de endemismo en Miridae son escasos, y no existen para Prepops. Aquí se analizan todos los registros geográficos de Prepops (707 registros de 181 especies) con el objetivo de identificar patrones de diversidad y áreas de endemismo, usando análisis de redes. Los datos de localidad se asignaron usando especímenes de museo y registros geográficos en la literatura. Además usamos datos de distribución para proponer preferencias de hábitat y variables geoclimáticas importantes para cada grupo de especies co-ocurrentes. Los resultados indican una alta riqueza específica en las regiones subtropicales, mientras que la faja tropical y las altas latitudes aparecen empobrecidas. La región Neotropical presenta 86 % de las especies, la Neártica alrededor del 11 % (pero con mayores rangos específicos de distribución). La región Andina casi no posee registros del género. Veintitrés áreas de endemismo (y dos díadas), formadas por 2 o más especies endémicas se encuentran en la región Neártica (3), la zona de transición Mexicana/subregión Caribe (5), y la zona de transición Sudamericana/ subregiones Amazónica, Chaqueña y Paranaense (15). La superposición de algunas áreas indica regiones con elevada riqueza específica y con una historia compleja. La falta de registros en la región Andina (excepto para P. nigrus en el sur de Patagonia) y la dominancia de especies estrictamente neotropicales (86 %) apoyan la hipótesis del origen neotropical para la tribu Restheniini. La conformación general de los grupos de especies co-ocurrentes de Prepops muestra una estrecha correlación con las regiones y subregiones biogeográficas conocidas. Entre las características ecofisiográficas más comunmente asociadas con los registros geográficos de Prepops se encuentran, en orden de importancia: bosques de hoja ancha (húmedos y secos), pastizales y hábitats xéricos.

AbstractThe Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are one of the most species rich families of insects, with about 11 100 described species. Mirinae is the largest subfamily and its endemism becomes evident at the tribal level and below. Mirines of the tribe Restheniini are found throughout America, with most of the diversity confined to the Neotropics. Prepops Reuter is the largest genus in Restheniini with 198 described species and its geographical range is similar to that of the tribe. The study of the distribution and areas of endemism in Miridae are scarce and non-existent for Prepops. We analyzed all the geographic records of Prepops (707 records for 181 species) in order to identify diversity patterns and areas of endemism, using network analysis. Locality data were assigned using museum specimens and geographic records in the literature. Additionally we used spatial data to propose habitat preferences and geoclimatic variables important for each group of co-occurring species. The results indicate high species richness in subtropical regions, while the tropical belt and high latitudes appear impoverished. The Neotropical region contains 86% of the species, and the Nearctic about 11 % (but with larger species ranges); the Andean region is sparingly represented. Twenty-three areas of endemism (and two diads), formed by 2 or more endemic species, are distributed in the Nearctic (3), Mexican Transition Zone and Caribbean subregion (5), South American Transition Zone and Amazonian, Chacoan and Paranaense subregions (15). Overlap between some of the areas indicates regions with high species richness and complex history. The lack of records from the Andean region (except for P. nigrus in Southern Patagonia) and dominance of strictly Neotropical species (86 %) supports the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for the tribe Restheniini. The general arrangement of the units of co-occurrence of Prepops species shows a close correlation with known biogeographic regions and subregions. Broad physiographic characteristics most commonly associated with Prepops geographical records are, in order of importance: broad leaf forests (wet and dry), grasslands and xeric habitats. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64(1): 17-31. Epub 2016 March 01.

RESUMO Leguminosae Juss. é uma família amplamente distribuída, sendo dominante em alguns ecossistemas, como na Caatinga. Este trabalho trata do levantamento taxonômico de Leguminosae na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Cariri, semiárido paraibano, nordeste do Brasil. Foram encontradas ao todo 31 espécies, 22,6 % das quais acreditadas como endêmicas da Caatinga. O gênero mais diverso taxonomicamente foi Senna, com cinco espécies. Sete espécies foram referidas pela primeira vez para o Estado da Paraíba (C. belemii var. belemii, D. violacea, I. blanchetiana, P. microphilla, V. halophila, Z. echinocarpa e Z. myriadena). O hábito arbustivo foi o mais representativo, com 45,2% do total de espécies registradas, seguido pelos hábitos herbáceo e arbóreo, com 22,6 e 16,1% respectivamente. As trepadeiras e lianas perfizeram respectivamente 9,7 e 6,5% das espécies. O tratamento taxonômico inclui chaves de identificação para subfamílias e respectivas espécies, dados de distribuição geográfica e ilustrações.

ABSTRACT Leguminosae Juss. is a largely distributed family, being dominant in several dry ecosystems, such as the Caatinga woodlands. This work deals with the taxonomic survey of Leguminosae at the Cariri Environmental Protected Area, semiarid of the Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil. Thirty‑one species were found in the total, 22.6% of which accredited as endemic to the Caatinga. The most taxonomically diverse genus was Senna, with five species. Seven species were recorded for the first time to the Paraíba State (C. belemii var. belemii, D. violacea, I. blanchetiana, P. microphilla, V. halophila, Z. echinocarpa, and Z. myriadena). The shrubby habit was the most representative, with 45.2 % of the total of registered species, followed by herbaceous and tree habits, with 22.6 and 16.1 %, respectively. Vines and lianas totalized 9.7 and 6.5 % of the species, respectively. This treatment includes keys for separation into subfamilies and their species, a list of examined materials, data on geographic distribution, and illustrations.

Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae), un árbol símbolo de el Cerrado, tiene una amplia distribución y puede alcanzar los 10 m de altura y 6 m de ancho de copa. El objetivo fue estudiar la distribución de insectos chupadores (Hemiptera) y sus enemigos naturales en la copa de C. brasiliense en El Cerrado brasileño. La agrupación de las especies encontrada en la copa de los árboles de C. brasiliense mostró 1 y 3 especies raras, 9 y 7 especies comunes y 1 y 4 especies constantes para los insectos chupadores y sus enemigos naturales, respectivamente. La diversidad, el número de individuos y la riqueza de especies de Hemiptera y sus enemigos naturales fueron similares en todas las ramas del árbol huésped, según el muestreo en los puntos cardinales. Los depredadores Crematogaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y Zelus armillatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) fueron más abundante en la ramas orientadas hacia el este y el norte, respectivamente. Crematogaster sp. fue dominante en los árboles de C. brasiliense con predominio de Dikrella caryocar n. sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) y Pseudoccocus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Los depredadores Trybonia sp. (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) y Chrysoperla spp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) fueron mayores y disminuyeron el número de D. caryocar n. sp. y Aphis gossypii (Aphididae), respectivamente. El incremento de insectos chupadores aumentó la presencia de los enemigos naturales y la distribución diferencial de éstos influyó negativamente en los insectos chupadores. Se concluye que la velocidad y dirección de los vientos pueden afectar la distribución de insectos chupadores en la copa de los árboles de C. brasiliense, encontrándose las poblaciones más numerosas en la zona que no es afectada por el viento.

Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae), a tree characteristic of e Cerrado, is widely distributed and can reach a height of 10 meters with a six-meter-wide canopy. The objective of this study was to study the distribution of sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their natural enemies in the canopies of C. brasiliense trees in the Brazilian Cerrado. One rare, nine common, and one constant species of sucking insects and three rare, seven common, and four constant species of natural enemies were observed on C. brasiliense trees. The diversity, number of individuals, and species of Hemiptera and their natural enemies were similar in all four cardinal directions of branches of host trees. Abundance of the natural predators Crematogaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Zelus armillatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) was highest on leaves of the east and north sides of the C. brasiliense trees, respectively. A large number of Crematogaster sp. was observed on C. brasiliense, with a predominance of Dikrella caryocar n. sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Pseudoccocus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) also being observed. The predators Trybonia sp. (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) showed the highest numbers, while the number of D. caryocar n. sp. and Aphis gossypii (Aphididae) decreased, respectively, in comparison to the control. An increase in the number of sucking insects also increased the number of their natural enemies, and this differential distribution negatively influenced sucking insects. The speed and direction of wind may have affected the distribution of sucking insects on different sides of C. brasiliense trees, as higher populations were found on the sides without prevailing winds.

Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfogênicas e estruturais bem como a produção de biomassa de plantas de Panicum maximumcv. Massai sob doses de nitrogênio. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (0, 80, 160 e 240 kg de N/ha) e quatro repetições, em parcelas de 4 m2. A adubação nitrogenada foi aplicada parceladamente, de acordo como os tratamentos. Plantas de capim-massai responderam linear e positivamente à adubação nitrogenada com aumento significativo nas taxas de alongamento, aparecimento e senescência de folhas e alongamento de colmo bem como no número de folhas vivas por perfilhos e no comprimento final da lâmina. Por outro lado, a adubação nitrogenada diminui o filocrono e a duração de vida das folhas em capim-massai, o que indica efeito direto do nitrogênio no fluxo de tecidos. Observou-se efeito linear e positivo da adubação nitrogenada para massa seca total, de folhas e de colmos, não tendo sido observado efeito para massa seca de material morto. A adubação nitrogenda influencia o perfilhamento, a morfogênese e a produção de biomassa em plantas de capim-massai.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics, as well as the biomass of Panicum maximumcv. Massai plants under nitrogen levels. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four treatments (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N/ha) and four replications in plots of 4 m2. The nitrogen was applied according to the treatments. Massaigrass plants responded linear and positively to N fertilization with a significant increase in the rates of elongation, appearance and senescence of leaves, stem elongation, and number of live leaves per tiller and the final length of the blade. On the other hand, the nitrogen decreased the phyllochron and leaf life span of the massaigrass, indicating a direct effect of nitrogen flow in the tissues. There was positive and linear effect of N fertilization on total dry matter of leaf and stem, but there was no effect on dry matter of dead material. Nitrogen fertilization influences tillering, morphogenesis and biomass production in massaigrass plants.

O presente artigo busca analisar o uso de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes do último ano do ensino fundamental e do ensino médio em Ribeirão Preto - SP; propõe-se, também, a refletir acerca do padrão de uso de drogas psicoativas, com base em estudos epidemiológicos realizados no século passado. Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, utilizando questionário autoaplicável, em 29 escolas, com 3.955 estudantes. Verifica-se a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas específicas, prevendo a criação de espaços alternativos de lazer, capacitação de professores (de forma a motivar os alunos a permanecer na escola) e a oferta de programas e atividades que façam sentido no âmbito de sua realidade social e que sejam passíveis de aplicabilidade.

The aim was to analyze the use of psychoactive substances among students in their final year of middle school and high school in Ribeirão Preto and reflect on the pattern of psychoactive drug use based on epidemiological studies conducted over the last century. This is a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire in 29 municipal schools in Ribeirão Preto - SP with 3,955 students. We realized the need to implement specific public policies, provide alternative spaces for leisure, train teachers to motivate students to remain at school, and provide programs and activities that meet their social reality and that are applicable.

O presente artigo busca analisar o uso de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes do último ano do ensino fundamental e do ensino médio em Ribeirão Preto - SP; propõe-se, também, a refletir acerca do padrão de uso de drogas psicoativas, com base em estudos epidemiológicos realizados no século passado. Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, utilizando questionário autoaplicável, em 29 escolas, com 3.955 estudantes. Verifica-se a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas específicas, prevendo a criação de espaços alternativos de lazer, capacitação de professores (de forma a motivar os alunos a permanecer na escola) e a oferta de programas e atividades que façam sentido no âmbito de sua realidade social e que sejam passíveis de aplicabilidade.

The aim was to analyze the use of psychoactive substances among students in their final year of middle school and high school in Ribeirão Preto and reflect on the pattern of psychoactive drug use based on epidemiological studies conducted over the last century. This is a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire in 29 municipal schools in Ribeirão Preto - SP with 3,955 students. We realized the need to implement specific public policies, provide alternative spaces for leisure, train teachers to motivate students to remain at school, and provide programs and activities that meet their social reality and that are applicable.

Objetivou-se avaliar parâmetros morfológicos e de produção em Palma forrageira cv. Miúda, sob doses de adubo nitrogenado. Além disso, apontar características morfológicas que possam ser utilizadas como variáveis preditoras da massa fresca dos cladódios. O experimento foi conduzido num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (ausência de adubação nitrogenada, 100; 200 e 300kg/ha de nitrogênio) e quatro repetições. Não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,10) para as características morfogênicas e comprimento dos cladódios. A adubação nitrogenada exerceu efeito linear negativo para as características largura, espessura, volume e peso médio de cladódios e efeito linear positivo para número de cladódios. Houve correlação linear positiva entre a massa fresca e as características morfológicas dos cladódios. O uso da adubação nitrogenada não interfere nas características morfogênicas e na produção de biomassa da palma forrageira. O volume dos cladódios pode ser usado como variável preditora para a massa fresca dos cladódios.

The objective was to evaluate morphological characteristics and forage production in cactus pear cv. Miúda subjected to nitrogen levels and pointing morphological characteristics that can be used as predictors of fresh weight of cladodes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (no fertilization, 100; 200 and 300kg/ha of nitrogen) and four replications. No significant differences (P>0.10) for the morphogenesis and length of cladodes. Nitrogen fertilization exerted a linear effect for features width, thickness, volume and weight of cladodes and positive linear effect for number of cladodes. There was a positive linear correlation between fresh weight and morphological characteristics of cladodes. The use of nitrogen does not interfere with morphogenesis and biomass production of cactus pear. The volume of cladodes can be used as a predictive variable for the fresh weight of cladodes.

Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram identificar borboletas antófilas em flores psicófilas de quatro espécies de Asteraceae em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica, no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Sudeste brasileiro, e determinar se existem espécies de borboletas em comum com outros levantamentos de lepidópteros do Sudeste e do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. É o primeiro inventário de borboletas antófilas de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Foram registradas 108 espécies, representando o quarto maior levantamento de lepidópteros de Minas Gerais. Esses resultados demonstraram que espécies de Asteraceae podem ser importantes ferramentas para o monitoramento de borboletas antófilas. A similaridade com outros inventários variou de 1 a 92,55%. Quinze espécies foram reportadas pela primeira vez em Minas Gerais e, entre elas, Melanis alena e Thisbe irenea foram observadas somente nesse estudo.

The objectives of this study were to identify anthophilous butterflies on psychophilous flowers of four Asteraceae species in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil, and to determine whether there are species in common with other lepidopteran inventories of the Southeastern and Midwestern regions of Brazil. It is the first inventory of anthophilous butterflies of a semideciduous forest fragment in Zona da Mata, State of Minas Gerais. A total of 108 species were recorded, representing the fourth largest lepidopteran survey in this State. The results demonstrated that Asteraceae species may be important tools for monitoring anthophilous butterflies. The similarity with other inventories ranged from 1 to 92.55%. Fifteen species were reported for the first time in the State of Minas Gerais, and among them, Melanis alena and Thisbe irenea were observed in this study only.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar o broqueador do tronco de Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae) e os efeitos de tamanho de árvore, atributos químico-físicos do solo e da diversidade florística em seu ataque. A lagarta broqueadora do tronco de C. brasiliense pertence à família Cossidae (Lepidoptera). O número de pupas e de serragem do broqueador por árvore foi maior na pastagem (1) em Montes Claros e pastagem em Ibiracatu do que nas outras quatro áreas (pastagens e cerrado em Montes Claros e cerrado em Ibiracatu). O número de pupas e da quantidade de serragem do broqueador foi maior em árvores cujo diâmetro de tronco na altura do peito (DAB) foi superior a 30 cm. Esse fato pode ser uma das razões para o maior ataque nas áreas mencionadas acima devido à maior percentagem de plantas com DAB > 30 cm. As propriedades do solo positivamente associadas com maior ataque do broqueador do tronco foram potássio, cálcio, magnésio, soma de bases, capacidade de troca catiônica e matéria orgânica e negativamente correlacionado com areia fina. Sistemas com menor diversidade florística, principalmente árvores de outras espécies, pode concentrar o ataque do broqueador do tronco em árvores de C. Brasiliense.

The objectives of this work were to identify the wood-borer of the trunk of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae) and the effects of tree size, chemical and physical soil attributes, and floristic diversity in its attack. The wood-boring caterpillar of the trunck of C. brasiliense belongs to the family Cossidae (Lepidoptera). The number of pupae and the amount of sawdust produced by the wood-borer per tree was higher in the pasture 1 of Montes Claros and pasture in Ibiracatu than in the other four areas (pastures and savanna in Montes Claros and savanna in Ibiracatu). The number of pupae and the amount of sawdust was highest in the trunks of trees with diameters having a breast height (DBH) more than 30 cm. This may explain the severity of attack in the areas mentioned above, which contain a higher percentage of plants with DBH> 30 cm. The soil properties also positively associate with higher attack of the wood-borer on trees when the soil is rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, sum of bases, capacity of cationic exchange, and organic matter, while there was a negative correlation between attack and fine sand content. Systems with less floristic diversity, particularly trees of other species, may concentrate the attack of the wood-borer in the trunks of C. Brasiliense trees.

The screening and brief interventions may be considered effective resources for health assistance. This study aims to perform some reflections about the applications of these strategies and its utilization by nurses. Thus it was listed some elements in which the brief interventions are based, the nurses' care assistance related to the preventive assistance for alcohol usage patients and potentials benefits resulting from its implementation. In this way, the nurses' attributions on Primary Health Care are strategic to reduce damages caused by alcohol use. However, several factors limit these nurses' to act, being necessary to focus efforts to give the issue a realistic and pragmatic discussion. Therefore, it is essential do disseminate trainings and qualification courses in order to enable nurses to approach, in a systematic way, the question of alcohol in a preventive perspective.

La detección y las intervenciones breves pueden ser consideradas recursos efectivos para la práctica en salud. Esto estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una reflexión de la aplicación de estas estrategias y su utilización por los enfermeros. Así, fueron listados los elementos que fundamentan las intervenciones breves, la actuación del enfermero en relación à práctica preventiva para el uso de alcohol y los potenciales beneficio de su aplicación. En este sentido, las atribuciones de la enfermería en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria en Salud son estratégicos para la reducción de daños causados pelo consumo de alcohol. Sin embargo, varios factores limitan el rendimiento de estos enfermeros siendo necesario centrar los esfuerzos para dar al tema un tratamiento realista y pragmático. En este sentido, se hace fundamental la difusión de entrenamientos y cursos de capacitación con el objetivo de habilitar el enfermero a abordar, de forma sistematizada, la cuestión del alcohol en una perspectiva preventiva.

O rastreamento e as intervenções breves podem ser considerados recursos efetivos para a prática em saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma reflexão sobre a aplicação dessas estratégias e a sua utilização pelo enfermeiro. Para isso, foram elencados os elementos que fundamentam as intervenções breves, a atuação do enfermeiro em relação à prática preventiva para o uso do álcool e os potenciais benefícios decorrentes de sua implementação. Neste sentido, as atribuições da enfermagem no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde são estratégicas para reduzir os danos causados pelo uso do álcool. Porém, diversos fatores limitam a atuação destes enfermeiros, sendo necessário centrar esforços para dar ao tema um tratamento realista e pragmático. Portanto, é fundamental a difusão de treinamentos e cursos de capacitação com o objetivo de habilitar o enfermeiro a abordar, de maneira sistematizada, a questão do álcool numa perspectiva preventiva.